Heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add diced pancetta and cook until browned and crisp, about 5 minutes.
Add the cubed eggplant, salt, black pepper, and red pepper flakes. Cook, stirring occasionally, until the eggplant becomes tender and lightly browned, about 10 minutes.
Stir in the minced garlic and cook for about 30 seconds, just until fragrant.
Add the halved cherry tomatoes and cook until they soften, about 3 minutes.
Pour in the marinara sauce and simmer for about 10 minutes, allowing the flavors to combine.
Meanwhile, bring a large pot of lightly salted water to a boil. Cook the penne pasta according to package directions until al dente. Drain well.
Add the cooked pasta directly to the sauce and toss until the penne is evenly coated.
Serve warm, topped with grated Parmesan cheese and fresh basil.